NECO Computer Studies (OBJ & Essay) Questions and Answers 2026
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Objective Answers (OBJ)
Essay & Theory Answers
Verified step-by-step detailed explanations
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*COMPUTER/ICT OBJ* 1–10: B A D D A B A E B E 11–20: E B C B E D B D D B 21–30: B C A C C D B C C B 31–40: E D D C C A A E B B 41–50: A B A B E E A A C D 51–60: B C D A A A E C C D *USE THIS IF URS IS RESHUFFLED 👇❤️🔥✅* 1. B – Data items that can be divided into subordinates are group items. 2. A – A mouse cannot enter text (keyboard does that). 3. D – System profiler provides detailed info about software and hardware. 4. D – UNIX was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson. 5. E – Safari is a web browser. 6. B – Debugging = discovering and correcting programming errors. 7. A – Card reader converts readable data into machine language. 8. E – Physical movement of data = file operation. 9. B – Disadvantage of ICT = creates high rate of unemployment. 10. Table shows (1,0)=0, (0,1)=0, (0,0)=1 → NOR gate. So answer should be C. 11. E – Octal digits are 0–7. 9 is excluded. 12. B – Binary digits are 0 and 1. 13. C – Hexadecimal has 16 symbols (0–9, A–F). 14. B – Indent is not a text alignment option (alignment options: Left, Right, Center, Justify). 15. E – F7 checks spelling in Microsoft Word. 16. D – Flowchart shows steps of program execution graphically. 17. B – First website launched on August 6, 1991. 18. D – Figure with HUB at centre represents star topology. 19. D – Portability = program runs on other platforms with minimal changes. 20. B – Plotter draws vector graphics (unlike printer). 21. B – Application package meets varieties of data processing needs. 22. C – In BASIC, xxx refers to line number. 23. B – Assembler converts assembly language into machine language. 24. C – Java is a network-oriented language for safe downloads. 25. C – Start button provides access to accessories and documents. 26. D – REM inserts comments in BASIC. 27. B – Education sector uses database for course registration. 28. C – Permission specifies file accessibility. 29. C – High traffic leads to slow server response. 30. B – Hotspot is an interactive area that triggers action when clicked. 31. E – Crop tool removes unwanted part of an image. 32. D – Style = predefined combination of formatting features. 33. D – Primary key uniquely identifies a field. 34. C – Query allows accessibility to certain records. 35. C – "Total perception of the designer" is NOT an advantage of flowchart. 36. A – Coding = converting algorithm into programming language. 37. A – System failure possible if requirements not gathered during analysis stage. 38. E – Disadvantage of star topology = too much dependency on central device. 39. B – Phishing = deceptive messages to get useful information. 40. B – Cyberbullying = harassing users using digital devices. 41. A – RJ45 colours: blue, brown, green, orange. Black/black-white is not used. 42. B – Authentication = confirming user identity. 43. A – Advantage of desktop = affordability (cheaper than laptops). 44. B – First generation computers measured speed in milliseconds. 45. E – UNIVAC 1 was the second commercial computer in USA. 46. E – Operating system starts up a computer (booting). 47. A – Ctrl + Alt + Delete initiates warm booting. 48. A – Ctrl + = creates subscript. 49. C – .xls is used for Microsoft Excel. 50. D – 52 × 36 = 1872. 1872 in hexadecimal = 750 (7×256=1792, 5×16=80, 0=0 → 1792+80=1872). 51. B – 2's complement of 1010: 1's complement = 0101, +1 = 0110. 52. C – Table shows AND gate: output is TRUE if all inputs are TRUE. 53. D – NAND and NOR are universal because they can implement any other basic logic gate. 54. A – 1011₂ + 1101₂ + 1101₂ = 11 + 13 + 13 = 37 = 101001₂. 55. A – 1000 MB = 1 GB. 56. A – 273 in binary = 100010001 (256+16+1). 57. E – Correct order: Planning → Analysis → Design → Testing → Implementation → Maintenance (VI → I → V → IV → III → II). 58. C – Decision symbol used when making a choice. 59. C – Eating or drinking in computer lab is bad etiquette. 60. D – Invalid because there is a space between username (email addresses cannot have spaces). *NECO COMPUTER/ICT (PAPER II – ESSAY)* *COMPLETE ANSWERS – QUESTIONS 1 TO 6* =========================================================== QUESTION 1 =========================================================== (a)(i) What is a domain name? (2 marks) A domain name is a unique, human-readable address used to identify a website on the internet. It is a text-based name that corresponds to the numerical IP address of a web server, making it easier for users to remember and access websites. For example, "www.google.com" is a domain name. (a)(ii) Mention two top level domains and their uses (2 marks) 1. .com – Used for commercial websites and businesses. 2. .org – Used for non-profit organizations and charities. (Also acceptable: .edu – educational institutions, .gov – government websites, .net – network organizations) (b) Differentiate auxiliary storage from main storage (2 marks) Main storage (primary memory) is directly accessible by the CPU and is used to store data and instructions temporarily while processing is ongoing. Examples include RAM and ROM. Auxiliary storage (secondary storage) is external memory used to store data permanently for future use. Examples include hard disk drives, flash drives, and CDs. (c) State the sequential steps involved in adding page numbers to a document in Microsoft Word (4 marks) 1. Click on the Insert tab on the ribbon. 2. Locate the Header & Footer group and click on Page Number. 3. Choose the position where you want the page number to appear (Top of Page, Bottom of Page, Page Margins, or Current Position). 4. Select the desired page number format or style from the dropdown menu. The page numbers will be inserted automatically. =========================================================== QUESTION 2 =========================================================== (a)(i) Draw a flowchart to calculate the area of a rectangle (4 marks) In your answer booklet, draw the following flowchart: Start (Oval) → Input L and B (Parallelogram) → Process: Area = L × B (Rectangle) → Output Area (Parallelogram) → Stop (Oval) (a)(ii) List two examples each of relational operators in BASIC programming (1 mark) 1. Greater than (>) 2. Less than (<) (Also acceptable: =, >=, <=, <>) (b)(i) Draw and state the functions of two flowchart symbols (3 marks) 1. Oval (Terminal) – Indicates the start or end of a flowchart. 2. Rectangle (Process) – Represents a calculation or an instruction/operation to be performed. (Also acceptable: Parallelogram for input/output, Diamond for decision) (b)(ii) Define the term algorithm (2 marks) An algorithm is a step-by-step sequence of well-defined instructions designed to solve a particular problem or perform a specific task. It is a logical procedure that, when followed correctly, leads to a solution. =========================================================== QUESTION 3 =========================================================== (a) State a function each of the following network devices (3 marks) (i) Router (1 mark) A router forwards data packets between different networks, connecting multiple devices to the internet and directing traffic based on IP addresses. (ii) Modem (1 mark) A modem (modulator-demodulator) converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines or cable, and vice versa, enabling internet connectivity. (iii) Switch (1 mark) A switch connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN) and forwards data only to the intended recipient device using MAC addresses, improving network efficiency. (b) Distinguish between Binary and Octal number systems (2 marks) The Binary number system uses base 2 and has only two digits: 0 and 1. It is the fundamental language of computers. The Octal number system uses base 8 and has eight digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Octal is often used as a shorthand for representing binary numbers. (c) Draw a block diagram of computer architecture and explain any one of its components (5 marks) In your answer booklet, draw a block diagram showing: Input Unit → CPU (Control Unit + Arithmetic Logic Unit) ↔ Main Memory ↔ Output Unit Explanation of CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU is the "brain" of the computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and processing data. It consists of two main parts: 1. Control Unit (CU) – Decodes instructions and coordinates the activities of all other hardware components. 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – Performs all arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical comparisons (AND, OR, NOT). =========================================================== QUESTION 4 =========================================================== (a)(i) What is a compiler? (2 marks) A compiler is a software program that translates a high-level programming language (source code) into machine code (object code) that a computer can execute. It translates the entire program at once and reports any errors found. (a)(ii) Convert 742s to its binary equivalent (2 marks) 742 in base 8 (assuming 742₈) to binary: Each octal digit converts to 3 binary digits: 7 = 111₂ 4 = 100₂ 2 = 010₂ Therefore, 742₈ = 111100010₂ Answer: 111100010₂ (a)(iii) List two preventive measures against security breaches in computers (2 marks) 1. Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-malware software. 2. Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication. (Also acceptable: Regular data backup, firewall protection, keeping software updated, user education) (b) Explain how CPU registers may be used to carry out basic addition (4 marks) CPU registers are small, high-speed storage locations inside the CPU. To carry out addition: 1. The CPU uses the Control Unit to fetch the first number from main memory and load it into a register (e.g., Accumulator or Register A). 2. It then fetches the second number and loads it into another register (e.g., Register B). 3. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs the addition operation by adding the contents of Register A and Register B. 4. The result is stored in the Accumulator or a designated register. 5. The result can then be stored back into main memory or used for further processing. =========================================================== QUESTION 5 =========================================================== (a)(i) What is a Communication system? (2 marks) A communication system is a collection of hardware, software, and protocols that enables the transmission of data and information from one point to another. It includes devices such as computers, modems, routers, cables, and wireless signals. (a)(ii) List two merits of ICT to the society (2 marks) 1. Faster and more efficient communication through emails, social media, and instant messaging. 2. Access to information and education via the internet and online learning platforms. (Also acceptable: E-commerce, improved healthcare, job creation, automation) (a)(iii) What is an icon in Computing? (2 marks) An icon is a small graphical image or symbol on a computer screen that represents a file, folder, program, or function. Icons allow users to interact with the computer by clicking on them to open applications or perform tasks. (b)(i) Give two reasons a firm may decide to computerise its operations (2 marks) 1. To improve efficiency and speed by automating repetitive tasks. 2. To reduce costs by minimizing human error and reducing manual labour. (Also acceptable: To enhance data security, improve customer service, enable remote work) (b)(ii) Differentiate CorelDraw from Microsoft PowerPoint (2 marks) CorelDraw is a vector graphics editing software used for creating and editing illustrations, logos, and designs. Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software used for creating slideshows to present information, ideas, and data. =========================================================== QUESTION 6 =========================================================== (a)(i) With the aid of a diagram, describe the mesh network topology (3 marks) In your answer booklet, draw a mesh network with five devices (computers) each connected to every other device with direct links. In a full mesh topology, every device is connected to every other device. Description: In mesh topology, every node (device) is connected directly to every other node in the network. This provides multiple paths for data to travel, ensuring high redundancy and reliability. If one link fails, data can be rerouted through alternative paths. (a)(ii) State two demerits of mesh network topology (2 marks) 1. It is very expensive because of the large number of cables and connections required. 2. Installation and maintenance are complex due to the large number of connections. (b)(i) What is a form in database? (2 marks) A form is a database object that provides a user-friendly interface for entering, viewing, editing, and querying data in a database table. Forms help users interact with the database without seeing the underlying tables directly. (b)(ii) Name two inventors of early computing device and their inventions (2 marks) 1. Charles Babbage – invented the Analytical Engine (considered the first general-purpose computer). 2. Blaise Pascal – invented the Pascaline (a mechanical calculator). (Also acceptable: John Napier – Napier's Bones, Herman Hollerith – Tabulating Machine, Alan Turing – Turing Machine) (b)(iii) List two types of views in Microsoft Word (1 mark) 1. Print Layout View (default view for editing with page layout) 2. Web Layout View (for viewing documents as web pages) (Also acceptable: Draft View, Outline View, Read Mode) =========================================================== END OF ANSWERS – QUESTIONS 1 TO 6 ===========================================================
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