NECO Government (OBJ & Essay) Questions and Answers 2026

*GOVERNMENT ANSWERS* 1-10: E, C, B, B, E, B, B, B, A, B 11-20: C, D, A, A, A, D, B, A, B, B 21-30: A, A, A, A, A, B, C, A, B, C 31-40: A, D, D, D, A, A, C, E, E, B 41-50: B, B, E, C, A, D, D, C, B, D 51-60: A, C, A, D, D, D, E, E, B, B *NECO GOVERNMENT (PAPER II – ESSAY)* *COMPLETE ANSWERS – QUESTIONS 1 TO 10* =========================================================== SECTION A =========================================================== QUESTION 1 =========================================================== (a) Define government as an institution of the state (2 marks) Government as an institution of the state refers to the organized body of persons, agencies, and departments through which the state exercises its authority, makes and enforces laws, and administers public policies. It is the machinery through which the will of the state is expressed and implemented. (b) List and explain five features of a state (10 marks) 1. Population – A state must have people living within its territory. The population can be large or small, and they must be permanent residents of the state. 2. Territory – A state must have clearly defined geographical boundaries, including land, water, and air space. These boundaries are recognized by other states. 3. Government – A state must have a system of government that makes and enforces laws. The government exercises political authority over the people and territory. 4. Sovereignty – A state must have supreme authority within its territory. It is independent and not subject to external control. Sovereignty is both internal (over its citizens) and external (freedom from foreign interference). 5. Permanence – A state is a permanent entity. It continues to exist regardless of changes in government, leadership, or population. The state outlives any particular government or ruler. =========================================================== https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCq5lkG8l5ISt9dak3v https://t.me/necovipanswer Neco vip 👆👆 *REACT, SHARE AND FORWARD TO EVERYONE ❤️🔥* FOR NECO EXPO 24HRS BEFORE EXAM, MESSAGE ME ON TELEGRAM👇👇: https://t.me/Officialkingjay1 JOIN OUR VIP CHANNEL 👇🏻👇🏻 https://t.me/allexamexporunz ALL STATES(TYPES) QUESTIONS 👇👇 https://t.me/freewassceditto JOIN OUR VIP CHANNEL 👇🏻👇🏻 https://t.me/examgroupng QUESTION 2 =========================================================== Examine six factors that determine the legitimacy of a government (12 marks) 1. Free and fair elections – A government is considered legitimate when it is elected through a process that is free, fair, and transparent. The people must have the opportunity to choose their leaders through periodic elections. 2. Constitutional provisions – A government is legitimate when it derives its authority from a constitution that is accepted by the people. The government must operate within the framework of the law. 3. Popular support – A government is legitimate when it enjoys the support and acceptance of the majority of the people. This can be demonstrated through public opinion, participation, and compliance with government policies. 4. Effective performance – A government that provides basic needs, ensures security, and promotes development is more likely to be seen as legitimate. Performance in delivering services and improving the welfare of citizens enhances legitimacy. 5. Rule of law – A government that respects and upholds the rule of law is considered legitimate. It must not act arbitrarily or above the law, and must protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. 6. Respect for fundamental human rights – A government that protects and promotes the rights of citizens, including freedom of speech, assembly, and association, is more likely to be seen as legitimate. Violation of human rights undermines legitimacy. =========================================================== QUESTION 3 =========================================================== Justify six reasons a state adopts a unitary system of government (12 marks) 1. Small territory – Unitary system is suitable for states with small geographical areas. It allows for centralised administration and efficient management of limited resources. 2. Homogeneous population – When the population shares the same language, culture, and traditions, a unitary system is easier to adopt. There is less need for regional autonomy. 3. Strong central control – Unitary system ensures that power is concentrated at the centre, making it easier to implement national policies and maintain national unity. 4. Reduced cost of governance – Having only one central government reduces the cost of administration. There are fewer government agencies and overlapping functions compared to a federal system. 5. Quick decision-making – In a unitary system, decisions can be made quickly because there is no need to consult regional governments. This ensures faster implementation of policies. 6. Prevention of secession – A unitary system reduces the tendency for regions to break away because power is not shared with regional governments. It promotes national integration and unity. =========================================================== QUESTION 4 =========================================================== In six ways, differentiate republicanism from monarchy (12 marks) 1. Head of state – In a republic, the head of state is an elected president, while in a monarchy, the head of state is a king, queen, or emperor who inherits the position. 2. Tenure of office – In a republic, the president serves for a fixed term and can be re-elected or removed through legal processes. In a monarchy, the monarch rules for life or until abdication. 3. Accession to power – In a republic, leaders come to power through elections based on popular choice. In a monarchy, succession is by heredity (birth) or descent. 4. Accountability – In a republic, the president and government are accountable to the people through the constitution and elections. In a monarchy, the monarch is not usually accountable to the people. 5. Nature of government – In a republic, the government is based on the consent of the governed. In a monarchy, the monarch may exercise absolute power, though some are constitutional. 6. Existence of a constitution – In a republic, there is usually a written constitution that limits the powers of the government. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch may not be bound by a constitution. =========================================================== SECTION B =========================================================== QUESTION 5 =========================================================== Explain six reasons Europe colonised Africa (12 marks) 1. Economic interests – Europe wanted raw materials such as gold, diamonds, rubber, and palm oil to feed their industries. Africa was also seen as a market for European manufactured goods. 2. Industrial revolution – The Industrial Revolution in Europe created a demand for raw materials and new markets. European nations needed to secure sources of raw materials and outlets for their surplus goods. 3. National prestige and power – Colonisation was seen as a symbol of national strength and greatness. European powers competed to acquire colonies to enhance their status and influence in world affairs. 4. Spread of Christianity – Missionaries from Europe came to Africa to convert Africans to Christianity. They believed they had a duty to spread their religion and "civilise" the people they considered primitive. 5. Exploration and adventure – Explorers like Mungo Park and David Livingstone travelled into Africa, revealing its resources and potential. Their reports encouraged European governments to establish control. 6. Strategic interests – Colonies were seen as important for military and naval purposes. They provided bases for ships, defence of trade routes, and control of important waterways such as the Suez Canal. =========================================================== QUESTION 6 =========================================================== State and explain six reasons British colonial government involved African traditional rulers in the administration of her colonies (12 marks) 1. Indirect rule policy – The British adopted the system of indirect rule, which used traditional rulers as intermediaries between the colonial government and the people. This reduced the need for British officials. 2. Lack of sufficient personnel – The British did not have enough trained administrators to govern all areas directly. They relied on traditional rulers to handle local matters. 3. Reduced cost of administration – Using traditional rulers was cheaper than employing British officials. The traditional rulers were paid less and often provided their own staff. 4. Acceptance by the people – Traditional rulers were already respected and accepted by their people. Using them made colonial rule more acceptable and reduced resistance. 5. Knowledge of local customs – Traditional rulers understood the customs, traditions, and languages of their people. They were better suited to handle disputes and maintain law and order. 6. Prevention of resistance – Involving traditional rulers helped to pacify the people and prevent uprisings against colonial rule. The rulers served as a buffer between the people and the colonial government. =========================================================== QUESTION 7 =========================================================== Give account of six achievements of Macpherson Constitution (12 marks) 1. Introduction of federalism – The Macpherson Constitution introduced a federal system of government, establishing central and regional governments with defined powers. 2. Establishment of regional legislatures – It created separate legislatures for the Northern, Western, and Eastern Regions, each with law-making powers over regional matters. 3. Creation of a central legislature – It established a central legislature (House of Representatives) with members from all the regions, providing a forum for national representation. 4. Recognition of traditional rulers – The constitution gave recognition to traditional rulers by incorporating them into the regional legislatures, which increased their political role. 5. Increased African representation – It increased the number of Africans in the legislative councils, providing more opportunities for Nigerians to participate in governance. 6. Public consultation – The constitution was made after widespread consultations with Nigerians. This made it more acceptable and prepared the ground for further constitutional development. =========================================================== QUESTION 8 =========================================================== Highlight and discuss six challenges facing local government councils in Nigeria (12 marks) 1. Inadequate funding – Local governments lack sufficient funds to carry out their functions. They depend heavily on allocations from the federal and state governments, which are often inadequate or delayed. 2. Interference by state governments – State governments often interfere in the affairs of local governments, including appointing caretaker committees and controlling their finances. This reduces their autonomy. 3. Corruption and mismanagement – Many local government officials are corrupt and mismanage public funds. This leads to poor service delivery and loss of public trust. 4. Lack of qualified personnel – Many local governments lack trained and qualified staff. This affects their ability to plan and implement development projects effectively. 5. Poor infrastructure – Local governments lack basic infrastructure such as good roads, electricity, and water supply. This hinders their ability to serve the people. 6. Political instability – Frequent changes in local government leadership, especially through dissolution and caretaker appointments, disrupts planning and continuity of projects. =========================================================== QUESTION 9 =========================================================== Advance six factors that can affect Nigeria's foreign policy (12 marks) 1. Historical ties – Nigeria's relationship with Britain and other former colonial powers influences its foreign policy. It maintains special relationships with these countries. 2. Economic considerations – The need for foreign investment, trade, and aid affects Nigeria's foreign policy. It seeks to attract investment and develop trade relations with other nations. 3. Security concerns – Threats such as terrorism, border disputes, and internal conflicts influence Nigeria's foreign policy. It seeks allies to help address these challenges. 4. International organizations – Nigeria's membership in organizations like the UN, AU, and ECOWAS shapes its foreign policy. It must align its policies with the objectives of these bodies. 5. Political leadership – The views and personality of the president and other leaders affect foreign policy. Different leaders may adopt different approaches to international relations. 6. Geographical location – Nigeria's location in West Africa and its position as a regional power influence its foreign policy. It takes a leading role in West African affairs. =========================================================== QUESTION 10 =========================================================== Examine six factors that have hindered the United Nations from achieving some of its aims (12 marks) 1. Veto power – The veto power of the five permanent members of the Security Council (USA, UK, France, Russia, and China) often blocks action on important issues. A single veto can prevent the UN from acting. 2. Lack of sufficient funds – The UN relies on contributions from member states. Some members do not pay their dues on time, limiting the UN's ability to carry out its programmes. 3. National interests of member states – Member states often put their own national interests above the interests of the international community. This undermines collective action. 4. Inequality among members – The UN is dominated by powerful nations, especially in the Security Council. This creates inequality and resentment among developing countries. 5. Inability to enforce decisions – The UN lacks the military and police power to enforce its resolutions. It relies on member states to implement decisions, and they often refuse. 6. Conflicts among members – Disagreements and rivalries among member states prevent the UN from taking unified action on issues such as war, terrorism, and human rights abuses. =========================================================== *END OF ANSWERS – QUESTIONS 1 TO 10* ==============================================

QUESTIONS 🔥👇👇

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan

View Scan