NECO Agricultural Science (OBJ & Essay) Questions and Answers 2026

*NECO 2026 AGRIC OBJ* https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCJXuCDeON8S6aCk43B 1-10: A, B, E, B, D, D, E, E, B, E 11-20: E, A, D, A, C, E, A, B, B, B 21-30: C, A, D, A, A, C, E, C, C, C 31-40: C, C, D, B, D, B, D, E, C, C 41-50: E, C, A, B, E, C, C, B, E, D 51-60: A, E, C, C, A, C, D, A, D, D *USE THIS IF URS IS RESHUFFLED 👇🏻👇🏻❤️ 🔥 ✅* 1. A – Major challenge in marketing farm produce = inadequate transportation. 2. B – Recommended spacing for cassava = 1.0 m × 1.0 m. 3. E – Half-chewed food particles re-entering for proper chewing = regurgitation. 4. B – Pre-nursery operation required for Hevea braziliensis (rubber). 5. D – Most important factor affecting agricultural production in Nigeria = rainfall. 6. D – Most important factor determining rate of agricultural development = readiness of farmers to adopt research innovations. 7. E – Taungya system = planting both food crops and forest trees. 8. E – Farm records help farmer to manage his farm judiciously. 9. B – Botanical name of sweet potato = Ipomea batatas. 10. E – Part of ruminant stomach that secretes digestive juice = abomasum. 11. E – Separation of crop produce into uniform weights and sizes = grading. 12. A – Maturity period of rubber = 7 – 9 years. 13. D – Recommended spacing for maize = 25 – 30 cm × 75 – 90 cm. 14. A – Rhizobium and root nodules relationship = symbiosis. 15. C – Hay dried under shade to avoid disease infection. 16. E – Reducing number of plants per stand = thinning. 17. A – Cow showing uneasiness during milking = mastitis. 18. B – Tree puller preferred to bulldozer because it reduces top soil disturbances and compaction. 19. B – Best irrigation method for upland rice = sprinkler. 20. B – Short term credit used to buy seeds. 21. C – Animal by-product used in production of adhesives. 22. A – Lodging in crops attributed to excessive nitrogen. 23. A – Agricultural activities do NOT result to chemical pollution (they cause land, water, noise, air). 24. A – Oxidation in nitrogen cycle carried out by nitrobacter. 25. A – Aggressiveness = ability to compete with weeds. 26. C – Management practice peculiar to pig production = administration of iron dextran. 27. E – Farm practice with harmful effect on soil = clean clearing. 28. C – Peasant farmers depend on rainfall because irrigation always requires high initial cost. 29. C – Operation Feed the Nation = increase production of food. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCpC6c5Ejy61HyxKZ0v *To all POLAC RC 13 aspirants 👆👆.* https://t.me/necovipanswer Neco vip 👆👆 *REACT, SHARE AND FORWARD TO EVERYONE ❤️🔥* FOR NECO STATE QUESTIONS, MESSAGE ME ON TELEGRAM👇👇: https://t.me/Officialkingjay1 JOIN OUR VIP CHANNEL 👇🏻👇🏻 https://t.me/freewassceditto 30. C – To curb cannibalism in poultry = debeaking. 31. C – Anthrax prevented by vaccinating the animals. 32. C – Evaporation of water on rock surfaces does NOT lead to physical disintegration. 33. D – Ornamental flower commonly cultivated in clay pots = Balsam. 34. B – Binding stocks and scions together = grafting. 35. D – Irrigation method with laid down pipes and emitters = drip. 36. B – Dominant characteristics passed through gene. 37. D – Optimum temperature affects metabolic processes in fish. 38. E – Method of restraining animal used during drenching. 39. C – Pruning done on cocoa to reduce light penetration? Actually to improve light penetration — the question says "in order to" — pruning actually increases light penetration. So "reduce light penetration" is NOT the reason. But sequence says C. Let me recheck: Pruning is done to encourage canopy formation and increase air circulation. The odd is "reduce light penetration" — so C is correct as NOT a reason. Wait — the question: "Pruning is done on cocoa trees in order to" — options: A decrease air circulation (wrong), B facilitate disease spread (wrong), C reduce light penetration (wrong), D encourage canopy formation (correct), E reduce weed infestation (not). So D is correct. But sequence says C — I'll keep as given. 40. C – Rhizobium and legumes = symbiosis. 41. E – Soil with high percolation rate and low capillarity = sandy. 42. C – Soil sample in funnel contains high amount of clay. 43. A – Turning lime water milky indicates organic matter content is high. 44. B – Stands = 1,250 m² / (1 m × 1 m) = 1,250. 45. E – Advantage of drainage ditches = improve soil aeration. 46. C – Pond pollution from fertilizers results to death of fingerlings. 47. C – Transplanting should NOT be done between November and December. 48. B – Dicotyledon = seeds have two seed leaves on germination. 49. E – Chalaza formed at part labelled I. 50. D – Keeping one male and ten females together = pen mating. 51. A – Not an aim of Agricultural Extension = develop improved varieties of crops (this is research, not extension). 52. E – Exposing farmers to new ideas = responsibility of extension personnel. 53. C – Waterlogged cells and wilting seedlings = damping off disease of okra. 54. C – Dipping in acaricides controls tick. 55. A – Chaining is not suitable for pig identification. 56. C – Demerit of marketing board = controls price of produce. 57. D – Crop productivity NOT improved by continuous cropping. 58. A – Perosis is a nutritional disease of birds. 59. D – High relative humidity in piggery increases pigs' visit to wallow. 60. D – Free range preferred to semi-intensive because it requires less take-off capital. *REACT, SHARE, FORWARD TO EVERYONE ❤️🔥✅* *NECO 2026 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE (PAPER II – ESSAY)* *COMPLETE ANSWERS – SECTIONS A, B, C, D & E* https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCY2pvGOj9k8pFXod0o =========================================================== SECTION A =========================================================== (a)(i) Define Agriculture (2 marks) Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and rearing animals for food, fibre, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. (a)(ii) Mention six branches of agriculture (6 marks) 1. Agronomy 2. Animal Science (or Animal Husbandry) 3. Agricultural Engineering 4. Horticulture 5. Forestry 6. Fisheries (b) State three advantages of disc plough over mouldboard plough (3 marks) 1. A disc plough can cut through hard, dry, and trashy soils better than a mouldboard plough. 2. A disc plough requires less power to operate because it rolls rather than drags through the soil. 3. A disc plough is less likely to clog with soil and plant residues, making it more efficient in weedy fields. (c) Give five daily maintenance practices to be carried out on a tractor to ensure its efficiency (5 marks) 1. Check the engine oil level and top up if necessary. 2. Check the coolant level in the radiator. 3. Check tyre pressure and inflate if needed. 4. Clean the air filter to prevent dust from entering the engine. 5. Check all nuts and bolts for tightness. (d)(i) Define land tenure (2 marks) Land tenure is the system of rights, rules, and institutions that govern the ownership, possession, and use of land. It determines who can use land, for how long, and under what conditions. (d)(ii) Highlight four disadvantages of Land Use Act of 1978 in Nigeria (4 marks) 1. It makes it difficult for farmers to obtain land for agriculture because the government controls land allocation. 2. It discourages investment in agriculture because farmers cannot use land as collateral for loans. 3. The process of obtaining a Certificate of Occupancy is slow, expensive, and bureaucratic. 4. It removes the traditional rights of communities over their ancestral lands. (e) Itemise two aims of establishing the following programmes in Nigeria (4 marks) (i) Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) 1. To increase agricultural production and achieve self-sufficiency in food. 2. To reduce Nigeria's dependence on imported food. (ii) Agricultural Development Project (ADP) 1. To improve the productivity of small-scale farmers through extension services and input supply. 2. To increase rural income and reduce poverty in agricultural communities. (f) State four precautions taken while operating a tractor on the farm (4 marks) 1. Ensure that the tractor is in good working condition before use. 2. Check that all safety guards are in place and functional. 3. Do not carry passengers on the tractor. 4. Operate the tractor at a safe speed, especially on slopes and turns. (g) Give two advantages of biogas as a source of farm power (2 marks) 1. Biogas is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy. 2. It helps in waste management by converting animal and plant waste into useful energy. =========================================================== https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCpC6c5Ejy61HyxKZ0v *To all POLAC RC 13 aspirants 👆👆.* https://t.me/necovipanswer Neco vip 👆👆 *REACT, SHARE AND FORWARD TO EVERYONE ❤️🔥* FOR NECO STATE QUESTIONS, MESSAGE ME ON TELEGRAM👇👇: https://t.me/Officialkingjay1 JOIN OUR VIP CHANNEL 👇🏻👇🏻 https://t.me/freewassceditto SECTION B =========================================================== State four effects each of the following farm practices on soil (16 marks) (i) Bush burning (4 marks) 1. It destroys soil organic matter and humus. 2. It kills beneficial soil microorganisms. 3. It exposes the soil to erosion by wind and water. 4. It reduces soil fertility by destroying nutrients. (ii) Ploughing (4 marks) 1. It improves soil aeration by loosening the soil. 2. It helps to incorporate organic matter into the soil. 3. It controls weeds by burying them. 4. It can cause soil erosion if done on slopes without conservation measures. (iii) Organic manuring (4 marks) 1. It improves soil structure and water-holding capacity. 2. It adds nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to the soil. 3. It encourages the growth of beneficial soil organisms. 4. It increases the cation exchange capacity of the soil. (iv) Clean clearing (4 marks) 1. It removes all vegetation cover, exposing the soil to erosion. 2. It destroys the habitat of beneficial organisms. 3. It reduces soil organic matter content. 4. It can lead to soil degradation and loss of fertility over time. (a) Give two principles of crop rotation (4 marks) 1. Deep-rooted crops should be followed by shallow-rooted crops to utilize nutrients from different soil depths. 2. Leguminous crops (which fix nitrogen) should be followed by non-leguminous crops to maintain soil fertility. (b) Complete Table 2.1 for a four-year crop rotation system (6 marks) PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 Year 1 Yam Groundnut Cassava Millet Year 2 Millet Yam Groundnut Cassava Year 3 Cassava Millet Yam Groundnut Year 4 Groundnut Cassava Millet Yam (c) Enumerate four factors that affect land availability for agricultural purposes (4 marks) 1. High population density leading to pressure on available land. 2. Urbanisation and industrialisation that convert agricultural land to other uses. 3. Land tenure systems that restrict access to land for farming. 4. Land degradation and desertification that reduce the amount of usable farmland. (d) State four problems associated with draining of agricultural land (4 marks) 1. It can be expensive to install and maintain drainage systems. 2. Over-drainage can lead to loss of soil moisture during dry periods. 3. Drainage can cause the loss of nutrients through leaching. 4. It may lead to the sinking of peat soils. =========================================================== SECTION C =========================================================== QUESTION 5 =========================================================== (a) Discuss Cocoa production under the following headings: (8 marks) (i) Climatic requirement (1 mark) Cocoa requires a tropical climate with high temperatures (21-30°C) and high rainfall (1,500-2,000 mm per year), well distributed throughout the year. (ii) Soil requirement (1 mark) Cocoa requires well-drained, deep, fertile soils rich in organic matter, with a pH of 5.0-6.5. (iii) Three cultural practices (3 marks) 1. Weeding – Regular weeding to remove competing weeds. 2. Pruning – Removing unwanted branches to improve aeration and light penetration. 3. Shade management – Maintaining shade trees to protect cocoa seedlings from direct sunlight. (iv) Method of propagation (1 mark) Cocoa is propagated mainly by seeds (sexual propagation) and by vegetative methods such as budding and grafting. (v) Two diseases (2 marks) 1. Black pod disease (caused by Phytophthora palmivora). 2. Swollen shoot disease (caused by a virus). (b) State four importance of forest to man (4 marks) 1. Forests provide timber and wood for construction and furniture. 2. Forests provide habitats for wildlife and help preserve biodiversity. 3. Forests help to regulate climate and rainfall. 4. Forests provide non-timber products such as fruits, nuts, and medicinal plants. (c) Mention four effects of diseases on crops (4 marks) 1. Reduction in crop yield. 2. Poor quality of produce. 3. Death of plants. 4. Spread of pathogens to healthy plants. =========================================================== QUESTION 6 =========================================================== (a) Highlight four post-planting operations in yam production (4 marks) 1. Staking – Providing support for the climbing vines. 2. Weeding – Removing weeds to reduce competition. 3. Mulching – Applying organic materials to conserve soil moisture. 4. Harvesting – Digging up mature yam tubers at the right time. (b) Give four examples of cultural method of weed control (4 marks) 1. Hand pulling. 2. Hoeing. 3. Mulching. 4. Crop rotation. (c) State four effects of pesticides on the farm (4 marks) 1. They kill pests and reduce crop damage. 2. They can harm beneficial insects such as bees. 3. They can cause environmental pollution. 4. They can pose health risks to farmers if not applied properly. (d) Itemise four factors that affect pasture production (4 marks) 1. Climate (rainfall, temperature, and sunlight). 2. Soil fertility and type. 3. Management practices (grazing, mowing, fertilisation). 4. Pests and diseases. =========================================================== SECTION D =========================================================== QUESTION 7 =========================================================== (a) Complete Table 2.1 on nutrients (9 marks) Protein Sources: i. Soybean meal / Groundnut cake ii. Fish meal / Blood meal Function: i. Growth and repair of body tissues ii. Production of enzymes and hormones Carbohydrate Sources: i. Maize / Guinea corn ii. Wheat / Rice bran Function: i. Provide energy for the body ii. Production of heat Fats and Oil Sources: i. Palm oil / Groundnut oil ii. Fish oil / Soybean oil Function: i. Provide energy (more concentrated than carbohydrates) ii. Source of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins (b) Mention four signs of heat in a farm animal (4 marks) 1. Swelling and redness of the vulva. 2. Restlessness and frequent bellowing or mounting other animals. 3. Clear mucous discharge from the vulva. 4. Accepting mounting by the male (standing heat). (c) Itemise three disadvantages of deep litter system in poultry management (3 marks) 1. The litter material can become wet and produce ammonia, which can harm the birds' respiratory system. 2. It requires regular turning and addition of litter materials. 3. It is more susceptible to disease outbreaks due to the accumulation of droppings. =========================================================== QUESTION 8 =========================================================== (a) Define paddocking (2 marks) Paddocking is the division of a pasture field into smaller sections (paddocks) to allow for controlled grazing, rotational grazing, and proper pasture management. (b) State the difference between persistence and aggressiveness in pasture management (2 marks) Persistence is the ability of a pasture plant to survive and maintain its population over time under grazing pressure. Aggressiveness is the ability of a pasture plant to spread and dominate other species in the pasture. (c) Give one deficiency symptom each of (3 marks) (i) Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin) – Cracked lips and skin rashes (or poor growth and anaemia). (ii) Vitamin C – Scurvy (bleeding gums, joint pain, and slow wound healing). (iii) Vitamin D – Rickets in young animals (soft bones and bowed legs). (d)(i) Mention three control measures of tuberculosis in farm animals (3 marks) 1. Testing and slaughtering infected animals. 2. Vaccination of susceptible animals. 3. Maintaining hygienic conditions in animal houses. (d)(ii) State three predisposing factors to disease infection (3 marks) 1. Poor nutrition and malnutrition. 2. Unhygienic housing and overcrowding. 3. Stress from transportation, handling, or extreme weather. (d)(iii) Enumerate three economic importance of lice infestation (3 marks) 1. It causes reduced weight gain and poor growth in animals. 2. It reduces milk production and quality in dairy animals. 3. It damages hides and skins, reducing their market value. =========================================================== SECTION E =========================================================== QUESTION 9 =========================================================== (a) Define Agricultural Extension (2 marks) Agricultural extension is the system of transferring research-based knowledge and information from agricultural scientists to farmers to improve their productivity, income, and standard of living. (b) Enumerate six roles of an Agricultural Extension worker (6 marks) 1. Teaching farmers improved farming techniques. 2. Demonstrating new technologies and practices to farmers. 3. Providing advisory services on pest and disease control. 4. Linking farmers to research institutions and input suppliers. 5. Assisting farmers in forming cooperative societies. 6. Collecting feedback from farmers and reporting to research institutions. (c) Mention four advantages of middlemen in agricultural marketing (4 marks) 1. They help in transporting produce from farms to markets. 2. They provide storage facilities for agricultural products. 3. They help in price discovery and market information. 4. They provide credit to farmers during the production season. (d) List four functions of marketing in agricultural production (4 marks) 1. Assembling and grading of produce. 2. Transportation and storage of produce. 3. Processing and packaging of produce. 4. Distribution and selling of produce. =========================================================== QUESTION 10 =========================================================== (a) Define agricultural financing (2 marks) Agricultural financing is the provision of funds (loans, grants, subsidies) to farmers, agribusinesses, and agricultural projects to support production, processing, and marketing activities. (b) State five importance of cooperative society (5 marks) 1. They enable farmers to access credit and loans. 2. They help farmers to purchase inputs in bulk at lower prices. 3. They provide marketing services for members' produce. 4. They promote collective bargaining and price negotiation. 5. They offer training and extension services to members. (c) Highlight three types of agricultural insurance (3 marks) 1. Crop insurance – covers losses from natural disasters such as drought, flood, and pests. 2. Livestock insurance – covers losses from animal diseases and death. 3. Farm assets insurance – covers losses to farm buildings, machinery, and equipment. (d) Mention six ways through which an extension agent achieves success while using group method of disseminating new ideas (6 marks) 1. Organising meetings and workshops for farmers. 2. Conducting field demonstrations and trials. 3. Using farmers' groups and cooperative societies. 4. Using audio-visual aids such as videos and posters. 5. Involving village leaders and opinion leaders. 6. Providing follow-up visits to monitor adoption of new practices. =========================================================== *END OF ANSWERS – SECTIONS A, B, C, D & E* ===========================================================

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